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  1. Popova S, Dozet D, Burd L. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: can we change the future? Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020;44(4):815-819. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14317
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basics about FASDs. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html. Accessed May 10, 2018.
  3. Popova S, Dozet D, Burd L. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: can we change the future? Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2020;44(4):815-819. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14317
  4. Proof Alliance. Diagnostic Terms: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). https://www.proofalliance.org/resource/diagnostic-terms-fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disorders-fasd. 2021.
  5. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol Use in Pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/alcoholuse.html. Accessed May 10, 2018.
  6. Tan C, Denny C, Cheal N, Sniezek J, Kanny D. Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking Among Women of Childbearing Age — United States, 2011-2013. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64(37):1042-1046. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24856791
  7. Finer LB, Zolna MR. Declines in unintended pregnancy in the United States, 2008-2011. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(9):843-52. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmsa1506575

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  1. CDC Vital Signs. https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/pdf/2016-02-vitalsigns.pdf ; 2016.
  2. May PA, Chambers CD, Kalberg WO, et al. Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in 4 US communities. JAMA. 2018;319(5):474-482. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.21896
  3. SAMHSA. 2014.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Basics about FASDs. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html. Accessed May 10, 2018.
  5. CDC, Denny CH, Acero CS, Naimi TS, Kim SY. Consumption of Alcohol Beverages and Binge Drinking Among Pregnant Women Aged 18-44 Years — United States, 2015?2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019;68:365?368. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6816a1
  6. CDC, Gosdin LK, Deputy NP, Kim SY, Dang EP, Denny CH. Alcohol Consumption and Binge Drinking During Pregnancy Among Adults Aged 18-49 Years — United States, 2018?2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:10?13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7101a2
  7. http://www.fasdcenter.org/projects/educational-equity/1-in-20-more-common-than-autism